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Kannabis voi lisätä vainoharhaista ajattelua

The association between social phobia, social anxiety cognitions and paranoid symptoms
Schutters SIJ, Dominguez M-d-G, Knappe S, Lieb R, van Os J, Schruers
KRJ, Wittchen H-U.

Acta Psychiatr Scand 2012: 125: 213–227
 
Objective:
Previous research suggests high levels of comorbidity
between social phobia and paranoid symptoms, although the nature of
this association remains unclear.
 
Method:
Data were derived from the Early Developmental Stages of
Psychopathology study, a 10-year longitudinal study in a
representative German community sample of 3021 participants aged
14–24 years at baseline. The Munich-Composite International
Diagnostic Interview was used to assess social phobia and paranoid
symptoms, along with data on social phobia features. Cross-sectional
and longitudinal analyses were conducted. Differential associations
with environmental risk factors and temperamental traits were
investigated.
 
Results:
Lifetime social phobia and paranoid symptoms were
associated with each other cross-sectionally (OR = 1.80, 95%
CI = 1.31–2.47). Lifetime paranoid symptoms were associated
specifically with social anxiety cognitions. Lifetime cognitions of
negative evaluation predicted later onset of paranoid symptoms,
whereas onset of social phobia was predicted by cognitions of loss of
control and fear ⁄ avoidance of social situations. Lifetime social phobia
and paranoid symptoms shared temperamental traits of behavioural
inhibition, but differed in environmental risks.
 
Conclusions:
The present study showed that paranoid symptoms and
social phobia share similarities in cognitive profile and inhibited
temperament. Avoidance appears to be important in the development
of social phobia, whereas cannabis use and traumatic experiences may
drive paranoid thinking in vulnerable individuals.